Tuesday, January 19, 2010
The Four Steps You Must Take to Create the Future
When asked about his ability to predict the future so accurately, something he had said couldn’t be done by anyone, Drucker answered that he simply “looked out the window” and reported what he saw. Of course, he was fond of answering questions somewhat tongue in cheek. Not that his answers weren’t truthful or that he was constantly making jokes. But it was easy to see why he was known as “that happy-go-lucky Austrian” by his mother-in-law, as described in his wife Doris’ book, Invent Radium or I’ll Pull Your Hair (The University of Chicago Press, 2004).
Once in class when asked a similar question regarding his reputation for being able to forecast the future accurately, he had answered, “I listen.” After a dramatic pause of a couple seconds he added, “to myself.” Pressed on these issues, Drucker answered that one had to go one step further and ask what he had seen or heard would mean for the future. Stated in another way, leaders need to observe what is going on, and then take the additional step of analyzing this information and deciding what will happen as a result of these events that had already taken place.
On reflection, Drucker’s metaphor of looking out the window was not flippant. He recognized that analyzing only internal information: cash-flow, liquidity, productivity, competency, resource allocation information and so on was useful only for short term tactics. Drucker knew that strategy of any sort had to be based on information about “markets, customers and noncustomers; about technology in one’s own industry and others; about worldwide finance; and about the changing world economy.” In doesn’t matter whether the future you want to create is internal or external to the company. You begin by focusing your attention on what’s going on in your area of interest. There are an infinite number of items that will interest you and they are constantly changing. Even trends are important, but sometimes changes can occur very rapidly. The ubiquitous slide rule carried by every practicing engineer in the world for mathematical calculations began to vanish within a year of the introduction of the handheld electronic calculator. That fact should have caused leaders in many types of organizations to think through what this meant for future operations: engineers who would be able to make calculations more quickly and accurately, companies producing slide rules, planners who could anticipate jobs getting done with less errors, reworks, costs, and many others. HR people could also plan for a reduced need for engineers and others working with slide rules in the same manner as computers and answering machines resulted in a lowered demand for secretaries.
Looking through the window frequently requires research. This research may be primary or secondary. Primary research entails interviews, business surveys, and a personal search for the answers. In secondary research you consult other sources including the library, Internet and studies previous published by the company, the industry, or government. Secondary research is generally done first because it is already available. It should be examined before you spend the time and money to do primary research.
As Drucker noted, just getting this information is only part of the issue. In fact, he said that if you do research and stop, you are heading for trouble. He used the example of the fax machine. The fax machine was American invented, but manufactured and marketed to great success by the Japanese because market research convinced the American company that there was no market for this product. Of course IBM did the same thing with the personal computer. IBM’s market research told them that yearly the market for personal computers was limited to about 1,000. This kind of thing is almost inevitable when a product doesn’t yet exist. It is difficult for consumers or businesses to feel comfortable for paying out hundreds of dollars for a product that doesn’t yet exist. So Drucker suggested that leaders must look at the market—through the window, when the product, service or idea doesn’t even exist.
What is going to happen in the future as a result of what has already happened in the past is the other important part of the analysis. Joe Cossman, the man who sold more than a million “ant farms” for children and other unusual products said that when you had a strong interest in a particular subject you needn’t worry. Cossman was always looking for new products which he could promote. He looked through the window and found that his strong interest in finding new products made his observations self focusing no matter which “window” he looked through. Once he bought 40,000 pieces of junk jewelry on a short chain for less than a penny each. They sat in his storeroom for some months. Then a hypnotist claimed he had caused a subject to regress into a past life while entranced. “Bridey Murphy” became an international sensation and suddenly there was a lot of interest in hypnotism. In order to understand what it was all about Joe enrolled in a course. The instructor told him that in order to induce a trance; he needed a point of fixation. “I’ve got 40,000 points of fixation,” he told his instructor. He hired his instructor and they designed a short course and made a recording on how to induce a hypnotic trance using one of his jewelry pieces on a chain, now described as a trance inducer. The whole package, including one piece of jewelry as a “point of fixation” sold for about $5, which meant a pretty hefty markup. Cossman had looked through the window and saw that the tremendous interest in Bridey Murphy and hypnotism would lead to an increased demand for learning how to practice this phenomenon.
We know that change is evitable. But change is caused by events that have already occurred. Drucker suggested that all we needed to do is to look at events that have already occurred and decide what will happen as a result.
When foreign automobiles first invaded the American market, it was Volkswagen about whom American car companies were concerned, not the Japanese. In response, Ford introduced the Falcon; Plymouth, the Valiant; and Chevrolet, the Chevette. However, Americans wanted more on their vehicles than what the bare bones Volkswagen provided in those days, and the three American cars grew in size over a few short years until they were basically scaled down versions of the full-sized American cars. Sales slowly eroded for all three models, and so all three were withdrawn from the market. All three cars offered essentially the same options, so all three automobile manufacturers looked out the window and saw the same thing. However, one manufacturer looked at what had happened and noted that demand for certain options was increasing even as sales for their vehicle declined. These were bucket seats, “four-in-the-floor” gearshifts, and padded dash. Only Ford asked themselves what this meant and realized that there was an increasing demand for a sports touring type vehicle. The Mustang was kept under strict security until released. When it was it resulted in tremendous sales to fulfill the demand, easily predicted by “looking out the window” and analyzing events that had already taken place and what they meant for the future.
Cossman’s hypnotism package and the Ford Mustang are both marketing examples. But the same principle applies to everything. Something significant happens. What is likely to occur as a result? What does it mean in your work? How can you use this to create a desired future?
In summary, here are Drucker’s thoughts about the information the leader needs to create the future and what to do with it:
- Look out the window and take a good at your environment
- Look both at the general and at specific questions relating to your organization
- Decide what is likely to happen as a results of significant events which have already occurred
- Take action to create the future you want
Monday, January 18, 2010
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
4 HR Policies that Should Be Thrown Out the Window
HR policies are important. Mostly.
HR policies are not to be confused with Ludacris
However, there’s a reason many employees dislike working with HR. Some HR policies just seem ludicrous.
Sure, there are reasons these HR policies are there. I understand this. But it doesn’t matter. They should be gone anyway.
HR Policies That Should Be Thrown Out the Window
1. Salary Requirements Listed on Cover Letters
Why This Is an HR Policy: HR professionals don’t want to waste their time with a job applicant they, frankly, can’t afford to hire. Or the company only has a set amount set aside for one position. Or the company is hoping to score a deal and get a qualified candidate for less than they were going to offer.
Why This HR Policy Should Be Stopped: Your mom thinks you’re worth a million bucks. But does the company you’re applying to think that as well? It’s impossible to know how much a company is willing to spend. Ask too much and you’ll price yourself out. Too little and you’ll be stuck with a low salary until who knows when. HR should say how much they’re planning to give as a salary. People who fit this range would apply. And from there, candidates could negotiate.
2. Employee Must Work X Months Before Insurance Kicks In
Why This Is an HR Policy: Insurance is expensive! The company needs to make sure the employee isn’t going to be gone in a month.
Why This HR Policy Should Be Stopped: Insurance is expensive! If the employee has insurance on her first day, and runs out and gets a strep test after work, trust me, she’s not going to quit the next day. Plus then the rest of your employees won’t get strep as well.
3. Office Dress Codes
Why This Is an HR Policy: Offices need a degree of professionalism, clients need to be impressed, etc.
Why This HR Policy Should Be Stopped: I’ve spoken against dress codes before. Employees are adults. They should be able to dress themselves in what makes them the most comfortable so they can be productive. I’ve spent many a day in the office wearing high heels, and I spent more time afraid I was going to twist my ankle/wincing in pain. I get a lot more work done in Converse. Of course, if you’re in a position dealing with clients you should look professional. If you’re not dealing with clients, what’s really the harm in wearing jeans to work?
4. Giving a Reason for Taking a Personal Day
Why This Is an HR Policy: Sometimes this just depends on the manager. But, if required, it’s to make sure an employee has a “good” reason for missing work.
Why This HR Policy Should Be Stopped: Um, because it’s nobody’s business why you’re taking off, that’s why. Whether you’re taking the day off because your son is sick, because you’re hung over or because you’re tired of work and just want to watch Judge Judy all day, it’s your own prerogative. That’s why we’re given personal days in the first place!
So which HR policies do you think should be abandoned?
Thursday, December 31, 2009
The Top 25 VoIP Advances of 2009
There were more advances than true innovations in the VoIP world in 2009. That's because some of the most important developments had more to do with commercial and political maneuvers than with technical creativity. Still, such maneuvers often helped spread the benefits of VoIP as much as did technical innovation. And collectively, the advances brought some already-evident trends into clearer focus. A key such trend is the increasing integration of voice with other applications and services. Another is the intensifying interest in HD voice. A third is the growing interconnection of VoIP services, in part in response to the possibilities that end-to-end HD voice offers. With such trends as background, here, in no particular order, are our top 25 VoIP advances of 2009.
1) Google's Acquisition of Gizmo5
Google doesn't just want to give AT&T a hard time with Google Voice, it is also set to give Skype a hard time. It already offers Google Voice users unlimited calling to North America for free, a service that inspired AT&T to complain to the FCC. But that offering still required a landline or mobile phone to make and receive calls to and from the PSTN, or else a separate account with Internet VoIP provider and Skype competitor Gizmo5. Now that Google has acquired Gizmo5, it will be easy to integrate the two services. If that happens, users will be able to make unlimited calls to North America, and cheap calls overseas, using the same number they receive their calls on, all through a headset-equipped, Internet-connected PC. Even Skype charges for inbound and outbound PSTN calling.
2) INums Service Goes HD
The 2008 creation of iNums was one of the most important VoIP advances of the decade. iNums are phone numbers beginning with the new 883 country code that the ITU has approved for subscribers to VoIP services worldwide, rather than subscribers in specific countries or geographic areas as with traditional country codes. Eventually callers will be able to dial numbers beginning with 883 from anywhere in the world, and reach the VoIP subscribers to whom the numbers are assigned anywhere in the world. That will make the entire globe a local calling zone. iNums provider Voxbone is positioning its service as a way to glue disparate VoIP services together, giving them a consistent way to reach each other's subscribers, as opposed to the mishmash of user names, SIP URIs and other methods that they currently use. Voxbone's September announcement that its iNum service will support HD voice makes such connectivity even more useful. It means iNum subscribers will be able to make and receive voice calls with audio quality superior to that of traditional PSTN calls. As such, it will be yet one more driver accelerating the trend towards all-IP telephony.
3) Skype Goes Independent Again
Skype was born to disrupt, but its September 2005 sale to eBay made it part of a conventional corporation with conventional priorities. Its late-2009 sale by eBay to a group of investors left it again free of any priorities but to upset as many markets and services as it could. Most important, its founders are back inside the tent as investors, rather than on the outside peering in. All in all, the sale means Skype is again in a position to do what's best for Skype. That usually turns out to be good for users, if not for companies in markets Skype thinks need disrupting.
4) Fring Video Calling for iPhone, Nokia
A key strength of VoIP technology is the ability it offers to integrate voice with additional features and functions. One of the most obvious integration candidates is video communication. It's fairly common now for VoIP users to make video calls through their PCs or even desk phones, so the next important advance is extending the capability to mobile users. Fring made that advance with its introduction of video calling capabilities on iPhone and some Nokia smart phones. The downloaded application allows one-way video calls on iPhones, because those devices' cameras point away from the user, and two-way calling on Nokia S60 Symbian devices. Both fring and Skype users can make such video calls to one another.
5) FCC's Mobile Network Neutrality Push
Unlike with the terrestrial Internet, network neutrality didn't apply to the mobile Internet from the start. In fact, mobile network operators always set their own rules about which applications and services they would allow to run on their infrastructure. Thus it's significant that the FCC in 2009 specifically stated that mobile networks had to follow network neutrality rules. In theory, that would mean operators have to allow VoIP services to run over their data networks without restriction. Working out the technical details will be a complex task, however, since mobile networks have spectrum and bandwidth constraints that terrestrial ones don't. But in the long run, even cellular operators will see the benefits of running open networks, since it will let their customers access a variety of rich services that extend all the way to the handset.
6) XConnect's GSMA Tie-Up
Bringing rich services integrated with VoIP to the handset is as vexing a technical challenge as a regulatory one. A key requirement is being able to connect VoIP networks directly, to permit the end-to-end transmission of such services. That makes XConnect's tie-up with the GSMA particularly important. The arrangement lets XConnect's ENUM registry talk to the GSMA's PathFinder number translation services, so that VoIP and GSM networks can pass VoIP and other related rich media to one another directly. This will vastly expand the number of users who can communicate via rich services.
7) FCC's Push for VoIP Transition
The FCC's push to encourage the transition to an all-VoIP telephony network is at an early stage, but its potential impact can't be overestimated. The December 1 notice seeking comment on the transition asks for input on what types of policies and regulations may help or hinder the process, as well as on how to protect the public interest during the transition. The agency's involvement will provide an important public forum for dialog about the central issues surrounding the evolution of VoIP, and may even encourage traditional carriers to upgrade their networks faster than they otherwise would have.
8) Free Conferencing for 1,000 Users
Using free conference calling services is a good way for companies to impress customers, suppliers and investors with their dedication to frugality. But companies needing to hold large conferences were out of luck until Free Conferencing Corp. introduced FreeConferencing.com, a service that can handle 1,000 participants in a single call. That's a big jump from the 96 participants that FreeConferenceCall.com, offered by the same company, can deal with. The advance will bring free IP-based conferencing further into the mainstream than ever.
9) Codec Wars
Codecs, which encode and decode audio and other media for transmission over networks, will play a crucial role in the ongoing evolution of VoIP. HD codecs let VoIP calls deliver superior voice quality, while video codecs make it possible to add video calling capabilities. Global IP Solutions (GIPS) has been an ongoing leader in HD voice codecs, and is pushing ahead in video codecs as well, as its deals with Yahoo and Japan's ANET show. At the same time, Skype in 2009 began giving its so-called super-wideband SILK codec, which transmits an even broader audio range than standard HD codecs, away free in order to boost the "ecosystem" for high-quality voice. The hotter the competition, the better it will be for the future of VoIP.
10) Android Integration with Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless used to be the most closed and protective U.S. wireless carrier, doing everything possible to keep unauthorized applications and services off of its network. In the last year or so, it made a radical and apparently earnest shift towards openness. The best test of its sincerity will be how it implements the deal it made with Google in October. Among other things, the deal will see Verizon Wireless selling handsets built around the Google-developed Android operating system, and running Google Voice as a built-in application. The deal also calls for the integration in unspecified ways of Google applications, including Google Voice, with the Verizon Wireless network. Depending on the details, the deal could end up being a key turning point in the U.S. wireless industry's evolution from closed garden to open field.
11) Proliferation of HD Voice Conferences
The advantages of HD voice aren't apparent from simply reading about them – understanding the benefits of the superior audio quality the technology brings is only possible through experiencing them. That makes active promotion of the technology a necessity, which in turn means that the various HD conferences and activities taking place, rather than being just another way to get paying advertisers and attendees, are playing a significant role in the evolution of VoIP as a whole.
12) Browser-Based Dashboards for Hosted VoIP
One of the most attractive features of IP PBXes is their so-called "dashboard" call handling software. The software, which pops up on users' computer screens as necessary, lets them make, receive and transfer calls via clicking or dragging and dropping. It also provides information such as presence or availability of other users on the system, the number of calls in queue and other such facts. In 2009, Vocalocity and Junction Networks' OnSIP both brought the same capabilities to their hosted VoIP services, via dashboards that work through PCs' Web browsers. Vocalocity's is called the VocalocityPBX Dashboard, while OnSIP's is called my.OnSIP. Though modest in the larger scheme of things, the advances further blur the line between hosted and premises IP PBXes.
13) Business Phone Service Starting at $10/Month
Given the economic climate, the cost of phone services is particularly important for small businesses. Thus the hosted service my1voice introduced in September was noteworthy for its price tag alone. For $10 a month, a company gets a phone number and various office telephony features, included call forwarding, simultaneous ring, dial-by-name and virtual receptionist. Although the entry-level package comes with only 150 minutes of usage per month, it sets a marker for providers looking to help small companies get off the ground.
14) Phone.com's Hosted HD Voice
As with many other telephony features, HD voice seems something only large companies can afford at first. Typically enterprises already have all-IP phone systems for internal communication, and adding HD capability can easily make inter-branch conference calls less fatiguing for workers. So it's another indicator of VoIP's democratizing influence that Phone.com has introduced HD voice capability in its Virtual Office hosted VoIP service. Such moves make the superior voice quality of HD calls available to even small companies with widely scattered employees.
15) Polycom's $6,000 Telepresence System
There are a lot of ways to make one-to-one video calls, ranging from Web cams on PCs to dedicated videophones. Even group conferences are possible, with participants appearing in different windows in Web browsers or dedicated client software. Conferences involving groups in meeting rooms are more difficult and expensive: Cisco's telepresence system can run a quarter million dollars or so. In June 2009, however, Polycom came out with a telepresence system for under $6,000. It includes hardware-based video codec, camera, microphone, remote control and cables, and connects to any HD-capable monitor. It makes the option of substituting video conferencing for travel practical for small companies as well as large ones.
16) Ribbit Mobile
Most virtual number services give users a new number. The users then have to ask all their friends and colleagues to call that number, and can have calls forwarded from it to any other phones or numbers they wish. But many individuals have already given their mobile numbers to everyone, which makes it hard to switch. The beta Ribbit Mobile service that Ribbit introduced in November offers an innovative and perhaps more useful take on the concept. It lets users keep their mobile numbers as their primary numbers, by forwarding unanswered mobile calls to Ribbit Mobile, which in turn forwards them to any other numbers they wish. The service also lets users make free outbound calls via a Web interface, with their cellular numbers appearing as the caller ID, thus saving them cellular minutes when they're at their desks. Ribbit Mobile also offers visual voice mail and speech-to-text transcription. A version for iPhone became available in late December.
17) Skype for Asterisk, Skype for SIP
Skype's push to become a serious tool for SMBs gained considerable momentum with the introduction of Skype for Asterisk and Skype for SIP. The Asterisk integration became a commercial product in September 2009, after having been available in beta for a year. Skype for SIP became available in beta in March 2009, with interoperability with ShoreTel and Cisco IP PBXes announced in September. Both represent significant advances towards making Skype as useful for businesses as it is for individuals.
18) Voice Integration With Google Wave
As noted, one of the great strengths of VoIP technology is its ability to integrate voice with other applications. Google Wave is one of the more promising such applications. It offers multiple ways for individuals to communicate and collaborate with each other both in real time and over extended periods of time. Among other things, it allows them to type messages to each other, attach files and photos, and access videos and maps. Ribbit contributed the ability to communicate by voice, via either live audio conferencing or recorded messages. It points the way to a future in which voice is just one part of larger applications and services, and perhaps not the most important part.
19) Jajah Offers Tweet-Activated VoIP
In September Jajah came out with a method to let users initiate phone calls via Twitter. The announcement came a year after Phweet's introduction of a similar service. While the pair of offerings highlights the penetration of Twitter into every corner of the communication market, more importantly it demonstrates the almost unlimited flexibility that VoIP offers to mix and match applications and services. It also hints that even more exotic applications are coming down the road.
20) Cloudvox: Cloud Within a Cloud
Wholesale telephony platforms will shape the future of the voice communication industry over the next several years. Such platforms allow Web and enterprise developers to create their own voice applications, with no need for telephony programming expertise or the infrastructure to run them on. Instead, they'll be able to get telephony services from a cloud. Ifbyphone, Jaduka, Ribbit, Twilio and Voxeo are among the leading platform contenders. Cloudvox takes the concept one step further, hosting its cloud telephony platform on a cloud computing platform, and owning no servers or other hardware itself. As such, it represents the first telephony cloud within a cloud, but it probably won't be the last.
21) AT&T Offers Hosted Call Center Service
Hosted call centers have been making a lot of headway, mainly for their ability to serve agents in any geographic location. A measure of that success came in April, when AT&T introduced its own version called AT&T Hosted Integrated Contact Services. Even though hosted services typically cannibalize the revenues of major carriers' traditional services, the introduction is an indication that the flexibility and features of hosted services can be compelling enough to override such concerns.
22) Cheap Speech Recognition for Asterisk
Speech or voice recognition capability lets IP PBXes respond to callers' verbal rather than just keypress responses when negotiating multiple-choice phone menus. But such technology is quite a bit less affordable for small companies than for enterprises with expensive proprietary systems. Thus the availability to Asterisk users of the Vestec Speech Engine through the Digium store represents a significant advance in – once again – bringing advanced telephony capabilities to smaller businesses.
23) Verizon Wireless Kills Hub
The failure of a product might not seem like an advance. But the September decision of Verizon Wireless to stop selling its Hub, which it had only introduced in January, at least confirmed the overall direction of VoIP innovation. The $200 Hub, equipped with touch screen, provided voice calling as well as various Web services over Verizon Wireless subscribers' home broadband connections. It was also integrated with their mobile phones, so they could use it to send and receive SMS text messages. In addition to the price of the device, the service cost $35 a month under a two-year contract.
The Hub showed the limits of the traditional telco hardware-based approach to services. Because its features and functions were hard-wired into the device, it contradicted the trend towards making telephony a software-based virtual service that can run on any device. Its failure also reinforced the idea that the future of telephony is largely out of the hands of traditional carriers, and in the hands of innovators that, especially with the proliferation of platform services, can be anywhere.
24) Voice Recognition That Splits the Processing
On the surface, Promptu's ShoutOUT speech-to-text application doesn't seem all that unique. It simply lets users send text messages by speaking rather than keying them into their handsets. What's innovative is how it handles the processing. First it encodes the speech into data on the handset, and then sends it via error-corrected transmission to the server-based speech processing engine. That means the processing engine won't receive the kind of garbled audio that it might if the spoken words and phrases traveled over cellular voice circuits.
25) VoIP Intercoms
Many SMBs have lots of low-tech peripherals connected to their conventional phone systems, such as overhead paging speakers and front-door or loading-dock intercoms. Their reliance on such peripherals makes it harder to move to IP phone systems, because such a change would produce compatibility problems. CyberData Corp. provides mundane but important solutions to this problem by building VoIP-compatible versions of such peripherals. Its products will help countless small businesses move into IP telephony that would otherwise be stuck with their old-fashioned key systems.
How do you do (your handshake)?
What’s in grasping the hand of another? Most business folks understand that a handshake can be a key ingredient in meeting a potential client and creating a positive first impression with that person. But, do we really know why we are often given the advice to offer a firm handshake when we are growing up? We know that it does, but do we know WHY a handshake contributes immensely to the formation of a first impression? Research in the area of nonverbal behaviors suggests that there is a correlation directly between our handshake and our very personality. This might make that handshake even more important than we originally believed.
Diana Ivy and Phil Backlund, in their book GenderSpeak, remind us that being taken seriously is still an issue that haunts women job applicants more than it does men, unless those men apply for jobs in a field that has traditionally been dominated by women. One of the very first nonverbal behaviors we engage in at a job interview is the handshake. Whether male or female, we might be exposing more of our inner selves than we anticipate when we briefly clasp hands with another person.
A study published in 2000 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology notes that our personality is linked to the firmness with which we shake hands. Sure, we always knew the firm handshake was important, but here is evidence that tells us why. Research subjects who completed personality questionnaires associated with the study were not made aware that their handshakes were the key variable in the study. Each subject shook hands multiple times with researchers who would then evaluate those handshakes. Key characteristics, including strength, vigor, a complete grip, handshake duration, and eye contact, were found to determine the degree to which we tend to make a good first impression. Perhaps more importantly, personality qualities such as confidence, shyness, or neuroticism could be ascertained through that handshake. And, gendered handshakes were also included in the study.
Among the results was the finding that a firmer handshake by females can be positive, even though many women are concerned that they may appear to be overly aggressive when they use the firmer grip. Surprisingly, a man may be open to new experiences, which would be a positive personality trait, but the study found that he is more likely, then, to have a weaker handshake. The weaker handshake can then lead to a less-than-desirable first impression, despite the appropriate personality quality.
So, the sensible thing to do might seem to be changing one’s style of shaking hands. Not so fast. We learn from these researchers that the handshake is a pretty automatic thing and quite uncomfortable to change. Each of us tends to have what we feel to be a natural handshake and trying to change that natural feel can seem very strange. It would appear that our handshake is as normal to us as many of the other nonverbal behaviors we enact and that may be just how our personality comes out in meeting others. Knowing what impression we are making on others might be just as important as actually making that impression.
Diana Ivy and Phil Backlund, in their book GenderSpeak, remind us that being taken seriously is still an issue that haunts women job applicants more than it does men, unless those men apply for jobs in a field that has traditionally been dominated by women. One of the very first nonverbal behaviors we engage in at a job interview is the handshake. Whether male or female, we might be exposing more of our inner selves than we anticipate when we briefly clasp hands with another person.
A study published in 2000 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology notes that our personality is linked to the firmness with which we shake hands. Sure, we always knew the firm handshake was important, but here is evidence that tells us why. Research subjects who completed personality questionnaires associated with the study were not made aware that their handshakes were the key variable in the study. Each subject shook hands multiple times with researchers who would then evaluate those handshakes. Key characteristics, including strength, vigor, a complete grip, handshake duration, and eye contact, were found to determine the degree to which we tend to make a good first impression. Perhaps more importantly, personality qualities such as confidence, shyness, or neuroticism could be ascertained through that handshake. And, gendered handshakes were also included in the study.
Among the results was the finding that a firmer handshake by females can be positive, even though many women are concerned that they may appear to be overly aggressive when they use the firmer grip. Surprisingly, a man may be open to new experiences, which would be a positive personality trait, but the study found that he is more likely, then, to have a weaker handshake. The weaker handshake can then lead to a less-than-desirable first impression, despite the appropriate personality quality.
So, the sensible thing to do might seem to be changing one’s style of shaking hands. Not so fast. We learn from these researchers that the handshake is a pretty automatic thing and quite uncomfortable to change. Each of us tends to have what we feel to be a natural handshake and trying to change that natural feel can seem very strange. It would appear that our handshake is as normal to us as many of the other nonverbal behaviors we enact and that may be just how our personality comes out in meeting others. Knowing what impression we are making on others might be just as important as actually making that impression.
Friday, October 9, 2009
The Theory of intelligence
I don't think I've ever heard the concept explained any better than this ... ....
'Well you see, it's like this .. . . A herd of buffalo can only move as fast as the slowest buffalo; and when the herd is hunted, it is the slowest and weakest ones at the back that are killed first.
This natural selection is good for the herd as a whole, because the general speed and health of the whole group keeps improving by the regular killing of the weakest members.
In much the same way, the human brain can only operate as fast as the slowest brain cells. Now, as we know, excessive intake of alcohol kills brain cells. But naturally, it attacks the slowest and weakest brain cells first.
In this way, regular consumption of beer eliminates the weaker brain cells, making the brain a faster and more efficient machine. And that is why you always feel smarter after a few beers...'
Updated 18 hours ago · · Like
'Well you see, it's like this .. . . A herd of buffalo can only move as fast as the slowest buffalo; and when the herd is hunted, it is the slowest and weakest ones at the back that are killed first.
This natural selection is good for the herd as a whole, because the general speed and health of the whole group keeps improving by the regular killing of the weakest members.
In much the same way, the human brain can only operate as fast as the slowest brain cells. Now, as we know, excessive intake of alcohol kills brain cells. But naturally, it attacks the slowest and weakest brain cells first.
In this way, regular consumption of beer eliminates the weaker brain cells, making the brain a faster and more efficient machine. And that is why you always feel smarter after a few beers...'
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